Social welfare constitutes a central concern within both religious traditions and contemporary sociological inquiry, as its absence undermines social cohesion and human dignity. Within Islamic studies and the sociology of religion, religion is increasingly understood not only as a system of belief but also as an institutional force shaping social organisation and welfare provision. This study examines the role of religion in advancing social welfare through cooperative practices among Islamic and non-Islamic houses of worship in Labuan, Malaysia, a socio-religiously plural society comprising approximately 60% Muslims and 40% non-Muslims. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study utilises descriptive textual analysis, historical sources, and semi-structured interviews with representatives from mosques, churches, temples, and shrines, alongside relevant local authorities. Focusing on Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Sikhism, the analysis explores doctrinal foundations of social welfare, such as zakah, charity, compassion, and communal responsibility and examines how these principles have been institutionalised within religious spaces. The findings indicate that across traditions, places of worship function as embedded social institutions through which moral obligations are translated into organised welfare practices. Over time, these institutions have expanded beyond ritual functions to operate as community-based centres for social support, education, and humanitarian assistance. Moreover, interfaith cooperation among houses of worship enhances welfare sustainability by reinforcing inclusive social networks, mitigating resource constraints, and strengthening social cohesion. The study highlights the significance of religious institutions as critical actors in socially embedded welfare systems within plural societies.

Authors:
Mohd Farid Mohd Sharif, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

About the Presenter(s)
Dr. Mohd Farid Mohd Sharif is currently an Associate Professor of Islamic Thought at School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.

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https://www.linkedin.com/in/associate-professor-dr-mohd-farid-mohd-sharif-889799b5/

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